A.
believe
in adult-only baptism (no infants since they couldn’t make the decision to
faith)
B.
must
experience an inner light
C.
the
individual churches ran their own matters
D.
church
and state were separated
E.
women
were allowed into ministry
F.
were
pacifists, stressed meekness, attractive to poor & downtrodden
II.
English
Reformation
1.
were
driven underground
2.
attractive
to commoners, stressed individual reading of the Bible
3.
disliked
stress on sacraments, clergy, wealth, veneration of saints, prayers for dead,
war
4.
William Tyndale – translated New
Testament into English; largely educated populace all through England who read
it
1.
wants
a divorce
2.
Parliament
passes…
a.
Act of Restraint – king is supreme
legal authority
b.
Act of Submission – churchmen must submit to king
c.
Supremacy Act – the king was head of Church of England
3.
dissolved
English monasteries and $ went to lords
4.
Church
of England became a mix of Catholic/Protestant faith and practices
5.
1st
bureaucracy formed for the state and church
6.
Book of Common Prayer written so all churches were “on
same page”
7.
Mary Tudor – (succeeds Henry
VIII)
a.
swings
England back to Catholicism
b.
unpopular
b/c (1) she’s married to Philip of Spain, son of Charles V and (2) she killed 100s
of Protestants (“Bloody Mary”)
8.
Elizabeth – succeeds Mary
a.
She
was a shrewd politician
b.
She
was Protestant, but didn’t worry what your faith was
c.
“Elizabethan
Settlement” – stressed outward
conformity to Church of England
III.
Elsewhere
A.
Scotland
1.
John Knox takes
Protestantism to Scotland as Presbyterianism
2.
He
lived/trained in Geneva as strict Calvinist; he exported the faith
B.
Ireland
1.
#1,
the Irish hate the English
2.
England
tries to force Protestantism onto Ireland à Church of Ireland (modeled
after Church of England) implanted but only the ruling English minority take it
3.
Irish
people stay Catholic in defiance, largely b/c they hate the English
4.
Catholicism
goes underground and church property is seized
C.
Sweden,
Norway, Denmark
1.
monarchs
bring in Lutheranism in state churches
2.
Olaus Petri – translates New Testament into Swedish
IV.
Catholic
Reformation and Counter Reformation
A.
Catholic
Reformation
= before 1517 (95 Theses) religious fervor; Counter Reformation = after 1540s within the Catholic church
1.
attempt
to reform & reconcile with Protestants
2.
Luther/Calvinists
insist on Scriptural discussion only
3.
Charles
V didn’t want to anger German princes and lose land (remember Peace at
Augsburg where German princes decide faith of their area)
4.
Similarly,
France works against Catholics & Lutherans reconciliation because religious
division kept Germany busted up and weak
5.
Question
– council or pope, who’s the higher authority? Basically, the pope wins b/c the council
still needed the pope’s approval
6.
Outcomes
a.
scripture
and tradition are the authority
b.
7
sacraments are upheld
c.
transubstantiation
upheld (these 3 are regular Catholicism, anti-Lutheran)
d.
clergy
must reside in district they’re appointed (no absenteeism)
e.
no
pluralism, simony, indulgences, concubines
f.
must
go to seminary, study preaching, instruct the laity
g.
need
a witness in marriages to avoid confusion (these 4 are new)
V.
New
Things
A.
The
Ursuline –
nuns educate women, help poor, teach girls/women (they hold cradle of
Christianity)
B.
Jesuits – missionaries of
the pope who spread Catholicism to the four corners of the earth; they live
lives of poverty, chastity, simplicity; they were very successful missionaries
C.
Holy Office – Roman
Inquisition ferrets out non-Catholics in Rome; ruthless tactics were used such
as hearsay being okay, no habeas corpus, torture techniques; though brutal, it
was successful