I. Review – need $, Estates General, National Assembly, Tennis Court, Bastille, Declaration of Rights of Man, NAàLAàNC, women march, world war, dissent in NC

II. Total war and terror

A. total war

B. planned economy – government prices, rationing, industry for minitions

C. Reign of Terror

1. Committee of Public Safety and Robespierre

2. “enemies of the nation” – 40,000

3. some worry that revolutionary ideals have been foolishly lost to dictatorship/guillotine

4. nationalism rises – due to patriotism or due to “weeding out”? both?

5. military – well equipped, trained, young bold leaders, large numbers, 800,000 to overwhelm

6. bottom line – France produces an effective fighting machine

III. Thermidorian Reaction (turn against Robespierre)

A. Comm. Of Public Safetly goal – justice and no rich/poor gap

B. Robespierre turns on those “soft” on the wealthy

C. Robespierre turns on his long-time buddies

D. Conspiracy brews in NC, they turn on Robiespierre and his closest buddies

E. Thermidorian reaction is return to middle class revolution of phase 1

a. celebration, extravagance, gowns, no economic controls, hard times/feelings by poor, revolt, it’s suppressed

F. Public calms and desires peace

G. NC reorganizes new legislature and 5-man Directory

H. Directory uses war/army as jobs; increases disgust of fighting

IV. Napoleon

A. war hero, hears of conspiracy against Directory, joins, coup d’etat

B. supposed republic, Napoleon craftily gets power

1. peasants – gained land and some status from the revolution

2. strengthens bureaucracy

3. nobility – allowed to return with loyalty oath, given high posts, created imperial nobility

4. Catholic church – oath takers and oath non-takers, works out Concordat of 1801 – free practice of faith/Napoleon gets power

C. Good/Bad news

1. good news – Civil Code – reasserts principles – liberalism, equality of males, protection of property

2. bad news – Napoleonic Code – subordinates women (family monarchy)

3. Joseph Fouche – police head, brutal reputation, spies, throw in prison

D. Wars

1. very successful, Trafalgar, Austerlitz, Grand Empire, map p. 716

2. revolt eventual, Spain, British counter blockade, Moscow attack, coalition against Napoleon, Elba exile, Louis XVIII, escape, 1 last hurrah, Waterloo and St. Helena