I.
Edict
of Nantes, reloaded
A.
Louis
XIV revokes edict because: wasn’t intended to be permanent, notion of religious
pluralism being bad. Also, many Huguenots had either converted or left France.
B.
Economic
effects are negative of this are negative since many skilled folks left.
II.
French
arts
A.
French classicism – Imitated
Renaissance style and focused on classical antiquity. Characterized by balance
and restraint (sounds like Renaissance). Exemplified by Nicholas Poussin with his Rape of the Sabine Women. The paintings
were very much planned—people and animals were idealized, emotions shown were
scripted or studied, buildings were architectural imitations of Rome.
B.
Louis
liked music and theater.
C.
Moliere – playwright whose
works such as Tartuffe have classical structure
(balance of 3 acts) with social bite to it.
D.
Jean Racine – playwright whose works were based on classic Greek and Roman
tragedies, dealt with love, were structured, simple, balanced.
III.
Louis
XIV’s too-many wars
A.
army
numbers – Louis beefed the army up from 25,000 to 250,000
B.
“modern
army”recruiting – dragooning, conscription, lottery
C.
Invaded
Flanders, Holland, Strasbourg, Lorraine
1.
Cause
– Spain’s King Charles II had no heir, international agreement is that France
and Spain would never be united
2.
But…Charles’
named Louis XIV’s grandson as heir. So,
Louis says OK!
3.
Europe
wanted to retain balance of power (to prevent any one nation from gaining too
much power) – so, Europe fights France
4.
Peace of Utrect 1713, ends the war and holds
these terms…
a.
France
and Spain would never unite
b.
France
had to surrender American lands to England
c.
Spanish
Netherlands go to Austria
5.
France
is nearly bankrupt
IV.
Absolutist
Spain goes downhill
A.
Spanish
absolutism came 1st
B.
But…it
was due largely to New World gold/silver; Indian labor died; debt caused
cancellation by the gov’t which caused loss of
confidence; aristocrats increase rents on land; poor leadership on throne
C.
Spain
wanted the good ol’ days of imperialism (they
couldn’t see the new era), so…the start a war! Spain fights the Dutch in Thirty
Years War…but lose.
D.
Treaty
of the Pyrenees – Spain lost much land to France, Spanish greatness is over!
E.
Cervantes’ Don Quixote – a wild farce of stories
that mock medieval chivalry and is an allegory of idealism vs. realism
V.
Constitutionalism
A.
Defined
– a monarch sharing power with a legislature governed by written law
(constitutionalism)
B.
The
big picture…
1.
England
had a rocky ride to constitutionalism
2.
It
went through monarchy – civil war – dictatorship – bloodless revolution – back
to monarchy
C.
King James I – smart but shrewd
and out of touch with people; Scot; divine right 100%, clashed with House of
Commons over due process (big mistake b/c they hold the $); created a debt
D.
Charles I (James’ son)
inherits debt; many middle class folks in H. of C. who want the power; Charles
attempts to rule w/out Parliament
E.
Religion
blows it open – Puritans want a cleansing (they’ve got the Protestant work
ethic)
F.
Charles
names William Laud archbishop of Canterbury – he seems pro-Catholic (standard
services); Scots revolt – Charles needs an army
G.
House
of Commons would not trust Charles with an army; also, there was an uprising in
Ireland
H.
Charles
gets his own army – we have 2 now along with Parliaments, so…
I.
Civil
War – Parliament’s army wins and Charles loses his head
J.
Oliver Cromwell – military ruler
as “lord protector”, extremely Puritanical (no sports, press, theater);
tolerant but for Catholicism; mercantilistic
(Navigation Acts); welcomed Jews due to skills; with his death, England took a
deep “Whew!” of relief
K.
We’re
ready for “The Restoration” –
(monarchy restored)